Aqa a level physics notes

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• The moment of inertia (I) of an object is a measure of its resistance to being The six leptons are all fundamental particles. X is a resistor and Y is a filament lamp. com Address: 210-Old Brompton Road, London, SW5 0BS A stationary wave is formed from the superposition of 2 progressive waves, travelling in. Since velocity is the speed in a given direction, it, therefore, has a constantly changing velocity. Past paper and exam-style questions, organised by topic. Revision notes for the AQA GCSE Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. Revision notes on 9. Introduction When a force acts on an object, the force may cause an object to move in a straight line. Avogadro's law, the ideal gas equation and moles. (i) Step 1: Convert the time period from seconds to minutes. 3 kV. This means that energy is not transferred continuously but as discrete packets of energy. Number of moles = mass molar mass = 128 =. 1 Standard Candles. 1 Current electricity. The atomic electrons in the mercury atoms are excited and move to a higher energy level. Step 4: Measure the angle of the resultant vector (from North if it is a bearing) using a protractor. A photon is defined as: A massless “packet” or a “quantum” of electromagnetic energy. This can be expressed as an equation: Where: ω = angular velocity (rad s –1) Δ θ = angular displacement (rad) Δ t = change in time (s) Topic 6: Responding to Changes in Environment. This may also be Newton centimetres ( N cm) depending on the units given Work & Power. Browse hundreds of lessons for A Level Physics AQA to study for free with assessment questions, text & videos. Notes. 3cos (7. Diagram of diffraction grating used to obtain a fringe pattern. A longitudinal wave is defined as: A wave in which the particles oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave travel (and energy transfer) Longitudinal waves show areas of compressions and rarefactions. This means: A change in a temperature of 1 K is equal to a change in temperature of 1 °C. 24×10^18 electrons moving past a boundary in one second. Momentum is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. Electric Current. The material on this website is written to support the AS and A level lessons that I teach. 3 × 10 5 Pa and a temperature of 504 K. The course encourages creative thinking and problem-solving skills which are transferable to any future career path. The primary and secondary coils are wound around the soft iron core. Progress tracking across 45+ topics & 3850+ questions, sorted by difficulty. A moment is the turning effect of a force. Hadrons. GCSE & A-Level Mathematics and Physics Tutoring. 0 cm (2 s. The most common mesons are pions and kaons. Step 2: Rearrange for mean square speed. Whether you are following AQA, Edexcel, OCR or CIE syllabus, you will find something useful and relevant here. Practical Skills. 2 Cosmology. Uniform and Electric Fields. Meet all our experts. m. 24. Moments occur when forces cause objects to rotate about some pivot. The rate at which the electrons flow in a circuit is measured in amperes (A). 2 × 1. Revision notes on 4. Units of Rotary Motion. The period of a geostationary orbit is X = 24 × 60 = 1440 minutes. Angular displacement can be calculated using the equation: When the angle is equal to one radian, the length of the arc (Δs) is equal to the Revision notes on 4. If the energy is lower, the electron will shake a bit and release energy as a photon. Astronomy & Cosmology. Comparing two models of the behaviour of gases. Step 3: Calculate the value of 1 Ci. Standing waves are produced by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency and amplitude travelling in opposite directions. Potential difference, V = 0. 2 × 10 5 Pa. Step 2: Draw the resultant vector using the triangle or parallelogram method. Calculate the pressure of the ideal gas in the same container when it is heated to 40 °C. Book Tutor. The negative value means the mass is 3. 831 × 10 −21. Horizontal = 250 × sin (15) = 64. Some of the α-particles were deflected through small angles. Power, P = 3. Number of molecules = 4 × 6. 85 × 0. This high energy level state is unstable and so the electrons de-excite i. 5. 0 cm on the opposite side of the equilibrium position to where it started (3. 3 × 10 3 V. 15. Total momentum before = ( 500 × 4) + (1500 × 0) = 2000 kgm/s. 1 Solar system, Stability of Orbital Motions & Satellites. 5 Collisions for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. The direction of the gravitational field is always towards the centre of the mass. A radian (rad) is defined as: The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle. With Save My Exams, your revision resources are created by experienced educators and examiners who actually mark A Level exams, so you’ll know exactly what to revise and how to answer questions for maximum marks. 2 Production & Use of X-rays. 2 to find the kinetic energy of one molecule and then multiply this by the number of molecules: Kinetic energy of a single molecule = 3. 3 PET Scanning. The moment of a force is given by. The period of a geostationary orbit is X = 24 hrs. the decay constant of radium-226. 6 mW = 3. The volume of the room you are in now. Time, t = 2. Δ W = e V. The rate of flow of electric charge. Therefore the strength of the van der waals forces increases down the group. If the energy gained from the photon is greater than the work function energy, the electron can be emitted. They subtend extremely small angles compared to the resolution of telescopes. Measured in metres per second (m s-1) The wave equation links the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave. Qualified A Level Physics Teacher. 4. The metal will heat but no electrons are emitted. For each of the exam boards below, there are revision notes, factsheets, questions from past exam papers separated by topic and videos. 02 × 10 23 = 2. In other words, each photon carries a specific amount of energy, or Refraction is the change of direction of wave that occurs when its speed changes. 22 × 10 12 decays. 9. The work done by a force is equivalent to a transfer of energy. Refraction is a phenomenon that is exhibited by wave when it travels from one medium to another, for example, when light travels from air to glass or vice versa. Current can be described using the equation: Where: I = current (A) An ideal gas is in a container of volume 4. 1 N m = 1 J. ΔQ I = Δt (where Q is charge) Potential difference (V) - the energy transferred per unit charge between two points in a circuit. Pass your A Level Physics exams with these notes! AQA optional topics. At point P2 the waves from S1 and S2 have a path She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. Step 3: Calculate the horizontal component of the lift force. The path difference between two coherent waves determines whether there is constructive or destructive interference where they meet. This is an order of magnitude of ~ 10 2 W. Step 1: Write down the known quantities. 5 kg m -3 at a pressure of 9. As a result of superposition, a resultant wave is produced. 60 × 10 −19 C. There are three flavours (types) of neutrinos (electron, muon, tau) Neutrinos are the most abundant leptons in the universe. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the ice will have melted. No energy is transferred by a stationary wave. A secondary coil. Note: both distances must be measured in the same units e. You will go on to study the experimental gas laws and how to apply The group 7 elements are simple covalent molecules held together with van der waals. 4 Projectile Motion for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save An exoplanet is: A planet found outside our Solar System, in orbit around another star. Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity. Refraction can be also be seen when water waves move from deeper into shallower water. The superposition produces a wave pattern where the peaks and troughs do not move. 1 - Basics of electricity. Course-specific and 100% exam-aligned. A gravitational field is defined as: A region of space where a mass experiences a force due to the gravitational attraction of another mass. (ii) the height Y above the Earth's surface that a geostationary satellite will orbit in km. This guide is not designed to be used as These beam electrons collide with the electrons in the mercury atoms transferring kinetic energy in the collision. Qualified Teacher. It gives teachers more detail on specification topics they may not be familiar with and should be used alongside the specification. Step 3: Substitute in values. 5 × 10 -3 m 3 . (i) the orbital period X in minutes. The two vehicles join together and move on with a velocity V. Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the lift force. Nodes and antinodes are a result of destructive and constructive interference respectively. The dotted lines represent the paths of electrons - those travelling along the microscope's axis (the middle vertical line) are not deflected. Step 3: Substitute values into the displacement equation. Hadrons are the group of subatomic particles that are made up of quarks. - mass, measured in kg. pV ∝ T. Age range: 16+. Determine the root-mean-square (r. The three main components of optical fibres are: An optically dense core tube, made of plastic or glass. A lower optically dense cladding surrounding the core. Creative Commons "Sharealike". There are two classes of hadrons: Baryons (3 quarks) Mesons (quark and anti–quark pair) The most common baryons are protons and neutrons. opposite directions in the same plane, with the same frequency, wavelength and amplitude. Step 3: Calculate the energy of one photon. A car with a mass of 500 kg, and a velocity of 4 m/s, collides with a stationary truck with a mass of 1500 kg. You will be able to apply all that you have learnt throughout your A level to understand telescopes, the processes that govern stars, and their various end products, as well as the science of cosmology, or the origins of the universe as a whole. metres. Revision for AQA Biology AS and A Level Papers, including summary notes, worksheets and past exam questions for each topic. Step 3: Rearrange for charge Q. The soft iron core is necessary because it focuses and directs the magnetic field from the primary to the secondary coil. Help in Theoretical Understanding and Exam Preparation! £55 / hour. 1 Astronomy. 2 PET Scanning. The Gas Laws. 25. Step 4: Calculate the number of photons hitting the surface every second. Step 1: Ideal gas relation between pressure, volume and temperature. Revision notes on 2. 3 kV = 0. 7 × 10 10 Bq. Current is the rate of flow of charge. Therefore, hadrons can feel the strong nuclear force. Step 2: Write out the equation for capacitance. Find the value of V. Mechanical work is defined as. Some of these ideas you will have met at GCSE, but the mathematical treatment is much more advanced. This does not include the option unit. 8. Energy & Power. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources. meaning more energy is required to overcome them, resulting in a higher boiling point. For the geostationary orbit, calculate. Revision notes for the CIE A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. This fascinating topic is, in A transformer is made up of: A primary coil. For a cubic room with length 3 m, volume = 3 3 = 27 m 3. Some videos at the end are AQA specific, including those on the A Level Physics Options and are clearly Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. 61 MB. Rarefactions are regions of decreased pressure. This topic is included in AS Paper 1 and Paper 2, and A Level Paper 1 for AQA Physics. £50 / hour. One ampere of current is approximately equivalent to 6. The gas is at a temperature of 30 °C and a pressure of 6. Revision notes on 1. The observations were: Most of the α-particles went straight through the foil. A Level Physics. An iron core. 3 Hubble’s Law & the Big Bang Theory. 1. 0369… = –3. A cross-sectional diagram of a TEM. The I–V graph Y starts with zero gradient and then the Dec 2, 2010 · A diagram showing the path of electrons through magnetic lenses. ANSWER: A. 3. Any mass has a resistance to a change in velocity when subjected to a force, this is called its inertia. However, it is continuously changing direction. doc, 6. 9 × 1015) × 2 = 1. The symbol for internal energy is U, with units of joules (J) θ / °C = T / K − 273. A-Level Physics Revision section of StudyWise. Part (a) Step 1: Write down the known quantities. A page of notes for every lesson covering the AQA Physics A syllabus. The amount of charge (Q) is determined by a steady current (I) flowing in the circuit for a time (t). Resistivity of some materials at room temperature. Q=I×t. It is a property of the material, and is dependent on temperature. 67 × 10 −27 C. I have tried to explain the Physics within the AQA course in enough detail for you to gain a good understanding of the course content. Step 2: Write the specific charge equation: Step 3: Calculate the total mass of the ion: The notation for the magnesium ion can be written as: This tells us the ion contains 24 nucleons in total. ) speed of the gas atoms at 504 K. Volume = length × width × height. x = 4. First find the momentum before the collision. Time, Δ t = 1 minutes = 60 s. A scale drawing of two vector additions. a resistor. The amount of energy transferred when an external force causes an object to move over She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. forces. 408 × 10 24 Then, use 3 kT. She particularly loves creating fun and absorbing materials to help students achieve their exam potential. Revision notes for the AQA AS Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. = velocity, measured in m s −1. Therefore, 1 Ci = 3. Step 5: Calculate the number of photons that hit the surface in 2 s. This means the graph has a constant gradient. 0005u. 11. This means internal energy is the total of all the kinetic energies plus the total of all of the potential energies. The potential difference is the work done per unit charge. ANSWER: C. The Rutherford scattering experiment directed parallel beams of α-particles at gold foil. This energy is called the work function (Φ) – Dependant upon the metal. Revision notes on 6. The bright fringes are also areas of maximum intensity, produced by the constructive interference of each part of the wavefront as it passes through the slit. Therefore, the electrical power is defined as the rate of change of work done: The work done is the energy transferred so the power is the energy transferred per second in Photons are fundamental particles which make up all forms of electromagnetic radiation. 5. Q = mcΔθ. 3) = –3. 7 kN. 8. 2 Calculating Uncertainties for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. 7 Quasars for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. The dark fringes are also areas of zero or Jan 13, 2015 · A Level Physics Notes. In mechanics, power P is defined as the rate of doing work. Energy gained by ice = −energy lost by coffee. Therefore, the larger the inertia of a mass, the larger the force required to change its velocity by a certain amount. Specific heat capacity of ice, ci = 2090 J kg −1 K −1. Revision notes on 8. e. Medical Physics. The I–V graph X is linear. Step 3: Measure the length of the resultant vector using a ruler. Capacitance, C = 1 nF = 1 × 10 -9 F. Circular Motion. An ideal gas has a density of 4. 4 Electromotive Force & Internal Resistance. As the wavelength decreases, the frequency The power of a standard lightbulb is about 60 W. Vertical = 250 × cos (15) = 242 kN. 0 cm above it). Access unlimited past papers with examiner feedback. Calculate the charge on the plates. Astronomers must use indirect detection Jan 1, 2010 · 7. The muon and tau particle are very similar to the electron but with slightly larger mass. An outer sheath. 1 - Concept of moment of inertia. File previews. The strength of these intermolecular forces increases as the Ar of the molecule increases. The shape should roughly be cubic or (rectangular) cuboid. move back to their original ground state. University of Oxford - MSc Learning and Teaching. T / K = θ / °C + 273. This is usually measured in electron volts (eV), where 1 eV is equal to the kinetic energy of an electron accelerated across a potential difference of 1 V. Where: = momentum, measured in kg m s −1. Get started. f) Make sure the calculator is in radians mode. 2 Resistance & Resistivity. We believe that human potential is limitless if you're willing to put in the work. 2 The Motor Effect. The Wave Equation. Resistivity is a property that describes the extent to which a material opposes the flow of electric current through it. 8 × 1016. The object therefore must be accelerating. 6 Required Practical: Investigating Flux Linkage on a Search Coil for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. Find A-Level Physics Revision Resources + Edexcel, AQA & OCR specific Physics Revision Resources for A-Level Students. Step 2: Write an expression relating energy gained by ice and energy lost by coffee. Electricity. 38 × 10 −23 × 330 = 6. 3 Nuclear Fusion & Fission for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. University of Leeds - MEng Civil and Structural Engineering. Digestible Notes was created with a simple objective: to make learning simple and accessible. The waves must have: The same wavelength) A similar amplitude. An object in uniform circular motion has a constant linear speed. 0 s. Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Gravitational Field Strength. 2 Stellar Radii. s. Velocity and acceleration are both vector quantities. Soft iron is used because it can easily be magnetised and demagnetised. I / V and the resistance is therefore also constant (since gradient = 1/ R) This is the I–V graph for a conductor at constant temperature e. This is usually achieved by a travelling wave and its reflection. 7. 1 Current–Voltage Characteristics. The strength of this gravitational field ( g) at a point is the force ( Fg) per Revision notes on 7. This webpage offers you a range of topics, from electricity and forces to past papers and book answers, to help you ace your exams. The wave equation shows that for a wave of constant speed: As the wavelength increases, the frequency decreases. Exoplanets are difficult to detect directly because: Light from the host star is much brighter than the reflected light from the planet. The higher the resistivity of a material, the higher its resistance. The internal energy of a substance is defined as: The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a body. decays s −1. SEND. A molecular kinetic theory model. Astrophysics. Here, you'll find an array of revision notes, topic questions, fully explained model answers, past exam papers and more, meticulously organized Moments. The strength of this gravitational field g at a point is the force F per unit mass m of an object at that point: Where: g = gravitational field strength (N kg -1) F = force due to gravity, or weight (N) m = mass (kg) This equation shows that: The larger the mass of an object, the greater its pull on another object. Step 1: Link the vectors head-to-tail if they aren’t already. This teaching guide aims to provide background material for teachers preparing students for the Turning Points in physics option of our A-level Physics specification (7408). Topic 8: Control of Gene Expression. A diffraction grating consists of a large number of very thin 24. This depends on the room you are in. 3 Specific Heat Capacity for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. Ideal Gases. Resistivity is measured in Ω m. Work, Energy and Power. University of Glasgow - BEng Mechanical Engineering. 2 Red-shift. Step 1: Draw a vector triangle of the resolved forces. Conversion chart relating the temperature on the Kelvin and Celsius scales. Current is measured in units of amperes or amps (A) 1 amp is equivalent to a charge of 1 coulomb flowing in 1 second, or 1 A = 1 C s −1. As the electron moves from the cathode towards the anode, its electrical potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and so the electron speeds up. White light into its different wavelength components. Mass of a proton = 1. A light ray is totally internally reflected down an optical fibre against the core-cladding boundary. Where the waves meet in phase, constructive interference occurs so antinodes are formed, which are regions of maximum These notes are the perfect accompaniment to our A-Level Physics past papers, where you can test your knowledge and track your progress! If you’d like to find out about further support, you can book a free consultation with one of our A-Level Physics Tutors. This is why when using the specific heat capacity equation. Compressions are regions of increased pressure. Step 2: Write the equations for wave speed and photon energy. The electron gun emits electrons through thermionic emission. Each magnetic lens has a different purpose. Stationary waves store energy, unlike The linear momentum of an object remains constant unless the system is acted upon by an external resultant force. V = W. The divisions on both scales are equal. Medical imaging, such as endoscopes. Moment ( N m) = Force ( N) × perpendicular distance from the pivot ( m) The SI unit for the moment is Newton metres ( N m ). Our extensive collection of resources is the perfect tool for students aiming to ace their exams and for teachers seeking reliable resources to support their students' learning journey. Electric current (I) - the flow of charge per unit time, or the rate of flow of charge. Diagram of a longitudinal wave. 6 × 10-3 W. Step 2: Write down the activity equation. Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics is ideal for learners who want to study physics or a wide variety of related subjects at university or to follow a career in science. She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. Instant access to comprehensive and in-depth revision notes for A-Level Physics. A diffraction grating is a piece of optical equipmen t that also creates a diffraction pattern when it diffracts: Monochromatic light into bright and dark fringes. Electric current is defined as. g. 3 Circuits & The Potential Divider. Step 1: List the relevant quantities from the data booklet: Charge of an electron = −1. Topic Questions. The work done by a resultant force on a system is equal to the change in energy in that system. Topic 7: Genetics, Populations, Evolution and Ecosystems. If you are looking for comprehensive and concise exam revision notes for A Level Physics, you have come to the right place. The diffraction pattern of light passing through a single slit, like a double slit, is a series of light and dark fringes on a faraway screen. Latent heat of fusion of ice, Li = 334 J g −1 = 334 000 J kg −1. Graduate. Phone: +442081445350 Email: asherrana@chemistryonlinetuition. Angular velocity is measured in rad s –1. 32 4. The units of work done are newton metres. 1 Sources of Uncertainty for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at A stationary wave is formed when: Two waves travelling in opposite directions along the same line with the same frequency superpose. Gravitational forces cannot be repulsive. A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 1 nF and is connected to a voltage supply of 0. Section 5: Electricity. Electrons, muon and tau particles all have a charge of -1e and a mass of 0. This is relevant for both transverse and longitudinal waves. Stationary Waves. (8. Number of atoms decayed, Δ N = 2. The content of the AQA Physics A-Level is split into core topics that everyone must take and optional topics that AQA introduced in order to cater to students’ varying interests in the different branches of physics. The largest value of n will therefore be at small angles. Subject: Physics. The thermal physics module looks at the difference between heat and temperature, how the temperature of solids and liquids change as they are heated, and how they change state. Step 1: Write out the equation for the pressure of an ideal gas with density. All of A Level Physics, suitable for all exam boards. Step 2: Calculate the vertical component of the lift force. 2 Motion Graphs for the CIE A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My . 2 Required Practical: The Young Modulus for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams. The angular velocity ω of a rigid rotating body is defined as: The rate of change in angular displacement with respect to time. 2. Leverage the knowledge and expertise of40+ examiners and educators. Resource type: Other. Student friendly model answers written by experienced teachers & examiners. Resources include A-Level Physics Revision Notes, A-Level Physics Help Forums (General Revision + Edexcel, AQA, OCR & WJEC), Exam Specs, Exam Papers, Physics Revision Guides (A Level) & More. 1 Ultrasound & X-rays. Astrophysics is the study of the stars and the galaxies. 3. Space Physics. There is quite a bit of maths, but to really understand physics you must understand the mathematics. The core content includes measurements and their errors, particles and radiation, waves, mechanics and materials, electricity 24. Experienced physics and maths tutor: Qualified teacher with 6+ years of classroom and tutoring experience. About Us. * Covers the entire syllabus. 3 Induced Potential, Transformers & the National Grid. com Web: chemistryonlinetuition. A level Physics AQA - Free revision notes, checklists, past paper exam questions for the A and AS level physics exams. Phase difference compares the distance between the phases (peaks and troughs) of coherent waves that are normally travelling parallel to each other at a point. zc eo ek sr an jg so ck fs hb