rocm context. enabled)' True >> python -c 'import torch; print (torch. The output is included below. autocast enable autocasting for chosen regions. 04, and to do that I have to compile it with ROCm. この例では、0 Sep 23, 2022 · We haven't tested ROCm, but from this documentation it seems that you can keep using cuda if the ROCm version is properly installed. MIOpenTensile Public archive. is_built() [source] Return whether PyTorch is built with CUDA support. Dec 24, 2021 · However, running torch. ZLUDA lets you run unmodified CUDA applications with near-native performance on Intel AMD GPUs. conda install pytorch torchvision torchaudio pytorch-cuda=11. 2, and pytorch through conda install pytorch torchvision torchaudio cudatoolkit=11. rocminfo Apr 2, 2024 · インストールには、PyTorch 本体と ROCm に必要な依存関係が含まれます。. The bitsandbytes is a lightweight wrapper around CUDA custom functions, in particular 8-bit optimizers, matrix multiplication (LLM. PyTorch Lightning works out-of-the-box with AMD GPUs and ROCm. 6. OS: Microsoft Windows 11 Pro GCC version: Could not collect Clang version: Could not collect Mar 12, 2023 · AMD Documentation - Portal (Option 3: Install PyTorch Using PyTorch ROCm Base Docker Image) …By default in the rocm/pytorch:latest-base, PyTorch builds for gfx900, gfx906, gfx908, gfx90a, and gfx1030 architectures simultaneously…. Thank you in advance. CUDA semantics has more details about working with CUDA. amp. _cuda_getDeviceCount() > 0. It is lazily initialized, so you can always import it, and use :func:`is_available()` to determine if your system supports CUDA. 8ms avg pytorch's resnet152 train at fp32: 226. Enter the following command to unpack and begin set up. actions Public archive Forked from migraphx-benchmark/actions. 0 when venturing to using cuda instead of the cpu as a device. Stories from the PyTorch ecosystem. 5 ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A. is_available() returns False and e. For check current arch libtorch_hip. org. By converting PyTorch code into highly optimized kernels, torch. ROCm 4. AMDs equivalent library ROCm requires Linux. The ROCm Platform brings a rich foundation to advanced computing by seamlessly integrating the CPU and GPU with the goal of solving real-world problems. Jul 29, 2023 · Thanks for your advice. Replace "Your input text here" with the text you want to use as input for the model. Option 3: Install PyTorch Using PyTorch ROCm Base Docker Image. Once you have installed via Jetpack 4. 1: Conflicts: python-pytorch: Maintainers: Sven-Hendrik Haase Konstantin Gizdov Torsten Keßler: Package Size: 139. 04. PyTorch 2. Aug 5, 2022 · The way that you installed CUDA on your jetson nano is incorrect. ROCm also has a growing Oct 31, 2023 · Officially, ROCm 5. Create a new image by committing the changes: docker commit [ CONTAINER_ID] [ new_image_name] In conclusion, this article introduces key steps on how to create PyTorch/TensorFlow code environment on AMD GPUs. be/hBMvM9eQhPsToday I’ll be doing a step by step guide showing how to install AMD’s ROCm on an RX 6000 series GPU, bu Chapter 5. Return the global free and total GPU memory for a given device using cudaMemGetInfo. Jan 19, 2024 · The latest StackOverflow developer survey found CUDA usage dwarfing OpenCL and ROCm. The script takes in the ROCm version and user’s GPU architecture as inputs, and works for Ubuntu and CentOS. HIP is ROCm’s C++ dialect designed to ease conversion of CUDA applications to portable C++ code. To install PyTorch via Anaconda, and you do have a CUDA-capable system, in the above selector, choose OS: Linux, Package: Conda and the CUDA version suited to your machine. pytorch. The ability to deploy at scale using TorchServe Dec 25, 2020 · I’m trying to get pytorch to use my AMD RX vega 56 on Ubuntu 20. Python 0 BSD-3-Clause 0 0 0 Updated on Jun 2, 2022. 3. Apr 1, 2021 · since Pytorch released the ROCm version, which enables me to use other gpus than nvidias, how can I select my radeon gpu as device in python? Obviously, code like device = torch. Next, we Nov 2, 2023 · 在上一篇文章中，简单介绍了一下ROCm，这篇详细说说如何在MD Radeon RX 7000/6000系列显卡安装ROCm 调用CUDA。因为我的主机是AMD 6950XT，正好以我自己的主机为例做环境部署。 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. randn(5, 5, device="cuda"), it'll create a tensor on the (AMD) GPU. import torch. Specifically, this solution: rocm/pytorch:latest Segmentation fault · Issue #1930 · RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm · GitHub which suggests that you might need to rebuild PyTorch for your specific GPU architecture. Latest training optimization technologies: Make use of ONNX Runtime, DeepSpeed, MSCCL, and more. However, this doesn't work when later I'm trying to install apex because the Aug 19, 2018 · Yes, calling . Option 1 (Recommended): Use Docker Image with PyTorch Pre-Installed. ZLUDA is currently alpha quality, but it has been confirmed to work with a variety of native CUDA applications: Geekbench, 3DF Zephyr, Blender, Reality Capture, LAMMPS, NAMD, waifu2x, OpenFOAM, Arnold (proof of concept) and more. CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3. PyTorch on ROCm includes full capability for mixed-precision and large-scale training using AMD’s MIOpen & RCCL libraries. Dec 2, 2022 · As with CUDA, ROCm is an ideal solution for AI applications, as some deep-learning frameworks already support a ROCm backend (e. to install torch with cuda, and this version of cudatoolkit works fine and. To generate this documentation in CSV, use the --csv option instead of --md. Call Stack (most recent call first): CMakeLists. During each training step, a batch of images is processed to compute the loss gradient and perform the optimization. PyTorch does not know that it is not really running on CUDA, and there is no torch. May 15, 2023 · Use the commands above to run the model. is_available 5 days ago · ROCm is an open-source stack, composed primarily of open-source software, designed for graphics processing unit (GPU) computation. Bonus tipp Mar 25, 2021 · An installable Python package is now hosted on pytorch. [Option2] Build a custom container to target your local host machine. 4 LTS (x86_64) GCC version: (Ubuntu 9. Learn how our community solves real, everyday machine learning problems with PyTorch. Instead of using the full format, you can also build in strict or compact format. 2 MB: Installed Size: 2. Jun 22, 2023 · PyTorch Installation for ROCm. I think AMD just doesn't have enough people on the team to handle the project. 5, ROCm-4. In addition, Vitis AI supports three host types: CPU-only with no GPU acceleration. On the HPC side, Nvidia continues to dominate the Top500 supercomputer list. Then, run the command that is presented to you. I've only searched online to see if there's anyone that has had similar problems before. 7. so: Mar 30, 2022 · Thanks bud,but after i using your method,it still can not using CUDA. is_available() else 'cpu') python. cudnn. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it. 0 Mar 4, 2021 · We are excited to announce the availability of PyTorch 1. device or int, optional) – selected device. So it seems you should just be able to use the cuda equivalent commands and pytorch should know it’s using ROCm instead (see here ). is_available or device = torch. This release also includes improved Mar 24, 2021 · With the PyTorch 1. skorch is a high-level library for PyTorch that provides full scikit-learn compatibility. What is the AMD equivalent to the following command? torch. So I downloaded torch and conda using. CUDA-capable GPUs. Finally I find the problem is that I use torch-cpu rather than torch-gpu. Source code for torch. int8()), and quantization functions. It implements the same function as CPU tensors, but they utilize GPUs for computation. Ordinarily, “automatic mixed precision training” means training with torch. Dec 7, 2021 · According to the official docs, now PyTorch supports AMD GPUs. 8 -c pytorch -c nvidia It did not solve the issue. 0+ doesn’t support the gfx900 platform, but earlier versions like ROCm 3. CUDA has not available on macOS for a while and it only runs on NVIDIA GPUs. Hi, it would be very helpful if PyTorch rocm would work by default when installing from pip in g4ad AWS EC2 instances (that use v520 => gfx1010) @ROCmSupport. # Alternatively, you can use: hipify-clang --md --doc-format=full --doc-roc=separate. :ref:`cuda-semantics` has more details about . Hello, i got an issue when i try to run torch. Expose the quantized Vicuna model to the Web API server. is_available() Expected behavior --> True, If it returns True, we are good to proceed further. 環境変数の設定. 3 GB: Last Mar 31, 2021 · Hi PyTorch community, I have been encountering difficulty trying to use PyTorch with ROCm 4. Apr 1, 2024 · MIOpen kdb files can be used with ROCm PyTorch wheels. As to usage in pytorch --- amd just took a direction of making ROCM 100% API compatible with cuda . 3 docker ps -a. Note that this doesn’t necessarily mean CUDA is available; just that if this PyTorch binary were run on a machine with working CUDA drivers and devices, we would be able to use it. However, when I use this machine to train a TextCNN classification model, I find it is much Install PyTorch via PIP. device('cuda' if torch. The primary method to install CUDA is via jetpack. No code or model changes needed. Up-to-date stack: Access the latest compatible versions of Ubuntu, Python, PyTorch, CUDA/RocM, etc. Option 4: Install Using PyTorch Upstream Docker File. device('cuda') This works because PyTorch ROCm is designed to automatically detect and use your Radeon GPU when 'cuda' is specified for the device. I don't know how to fix that except by reflashing your Jetson. This builds the same content as Supported CUDA APIs. backends. This is a sign of confidence about the quality of support and performance of PyTorch using AMD Instinct and ROCm. There are two primary options for installation: [Option1] Directly leverage pre-built Docker containers available from Docker Hub: xilinx/vitis-ai. Mar 11, 2023 · Ecosystem: CUDA has a well-established ecosystem of tools and libraries that are optimized for high-performance computing, including TensorFlow, PyTorch, and cuDNN. But If not, that means you haven't installed the rocm gpu drivers properly, you'd have to repeat the steps all over again. matmul. So you have to change 0 lines of existing code, nor write anything specificic in your new code. PyTorch Geometric is a library for deep learning on irregular input data such as graphs, point clouds, and manifolds. The ability to deploy at scale using TorchServe Jul 20, 2022 · return torch. 0 did have support. , TensorFlow, PyTorch, MXNet, ONNX, CuPy, and more). compile(), a tool to vastly accelerate PyTorch code and models. I mean the following: call custom forward+backward hip kernel from pytorch and include it in deep learning pipeline. compile delivers substantial performance improvements with minimal changes to the existing codebase. 8. 1" and. ROCm consists of a collection of drivers, development tools, and APIs that enable GPU programming from low-level kernel to end-user applications. Radeon GPU を PyTorch デバイスとして選択する. 8 release, we are delighted to announce a new installation option for users of PyTorch on the ROCm™ open software platform. # 使用可能なデバイスの一覧を取得 Jun 22, 2023 · PyTorch# PyTorch is an open source Machine Learning Python library, primarily differentiated by Tensor computing with GPU acceleration and a type-based automatic differentiation. Apr 28, 2024 · torch. Apr 29, 2023 · OS: Ubuntu 20. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I tried so hard 10 months ago and it turns out AMD didn't even support the XTX 7900 and weren't even responding to the issues from people posting about it on GitHub. Dec 18, 2021 · PyTorch for AMD ROCm Platform; PlaidML; 1. is_available (), it crashes with For anyone not wanting to install rocm on their desktop, AMD provides PYTORCH and TENSORFLOW containers that can be just easilly used on VSCODE. PyTorch via Anaconda is not supported on ROCm currently. 0 2 0 0 Updated on Jul 14, 2022. 以下の環境変数を設定することで、PyTorchがCUDAデバイスを検出する可能性があります。. 0 represents a significant step forward for the PyTorch machine learning framework. r""" This package adds support for CUDA tensor types, that implement the same function as CPU tensors, but they utilize GPUs for computation. PyTorch Blog. Native ONNX support. HIP is used when converting existing CUDA applications like PyTorch to portable C++ and for new projects that require portability Jun 3, 2024 · When I try to get the environment information it is missing Cuda for Pytorch : Collecting environment information… PyTorch version: 2. 1 Is debug build: False CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11. cuda() just works the same way when you build PyTorch for ROCm to transfer tensors to the AMD GPU. I’m wondering if the same can be done but on AMD GPUs with kernels written using rocm HIP. 0 -c pytorch Then I tested with a seq2seq model (LSTM->LSTM) I used before, training very fast, working fine. g. Oct 31, 2023 · Abandonamos NVIDIA CUDA e intentamos realizar inferencia con un chip gráfico integrado o APU, bajo nueva versión de AMD ROCm. AMD has long been a strong proponent Jul 11, 2024 · PyTorch 2. TensorFlow with DirectMLの場合. cuda() gives RuntimeError: No CUDA GPUs are available. This fork add ROCm support with a HIP compilation target. But I can not find in Google nor the official docs how to force my DL training to use the GPU. We recognize it is a bit counterintuitive, but it makes it a lot easier to "port" your pytorch code to use ROCm since there really aren't any code changes at all. OS: Ubuntu 20. py--verbose \--include test_nn test_torch test_cuda test_ops \ test_unary_ufuncs test_binary_ufuncs test_autograd This command ensures that the required environment variable is set to skip certain unit tests for ROCm. That said, AMD GPUs have achieved PyTorch documentation ¶. It also provides improved features for large-scale training for pipeline and Nov 15, 2019 · Leaving out PYTORCH_ROCM_ARCH will build for all ROCm-supported architectures, which takes longer. We will be using the AMD provided PyTorch docker container for this tutorial Feb 22, 2023 · To accelerate compute-intensive operations on GPUs, AMD offer their own ROCm open software platform, which is supported by the major ML frameworks, such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. 10. The torch. Is this the recommended way to access AMD GPU through PyTorch ROCM? What about 'hip' as a parameter for device? from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer, GPT2LMHeadModel. The models were PyTorch Blog. You also might want to check if your AMD GPU is supported here. allow_tf32. Preparation 1. With ROCm. Important! AMD recommends proceeding with ROCm WHLs available at repo. Aug 15, 2020 · Answer pre May 2022. It provides a structured and organized approach to machine learning (ML) tasks by abstracting away the repetitive boilerplate code, allowing you to focus more on model development and experimentation. ROCm is powered by Heterogeneous-computing Interface for Portability With CUDA. 12 release (June 2022) brings the added support to easily run PyTorch on native environment without having to configure custom dockers. 2: Running PyTorch On ROCm This hands-on tutorial shows how we can get started with the popular PyTorch framework as well as train a LSTM neural network on the Wikiext-2 dataset on a ROCm platform. 7ms avg pytorch's vgg16 train at fp32: 194. 04 $ rocm-smi ===== ROCm System Management Interface ===== ===== Concise Info ===== GPU Temp AvgPwr SCLK … Jun 20, 2023 · Run "cmake --help-policy CMP0127" for policy details. Contributor. whl. Having to install from source on the only available AMD GPU instance on AWS is painful. This release is composed of more than 3,000 commits since 1. C++ front-end. Returns statistic for the current device, given by current_device() , if device is None (default). tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer. 5ms avg pytorch's resnet152 eval at fp32: 57. An installable Python package is now hosted on pytorch. If you are working with macOS 12. May 14, 2024 · Optimized training framework: Set up, develop, and accelerate PyTorch models on large workloads, and improve training and deployment success rate. With ROCm, you can customize your GPU software to meet your specific Linux-5. Learn about the latest PyTorch tutorials, new, and more . 3. Autocasting automatically chooses the precision for GPU operations to improve performance while maintaining accuracy. 14. Updated 2024 video guide: https://youtu. DirectX 12を使用できるすべてのハードウェアがTensorFlowを使ってWindows上で機械学習できるようになります。ただし、TensorFlow自体のバージョンが少し古いものでした。 DirectML with TensorFlowをインストールする ROCm™ is AMD’s open source software platform for GPU-accelerated high performance computing and machine learning. py: Collecting environment information… PyTorch version: 1. ROCm is a maturing ecosystem and more GitHub codes will eventually contain ROCm/HIPified ports. The PyTorch repository still retains compilation instructions supporting “gfx900 Dec 31, 2022 · Dear PyTorch developers and community, We have nice tutorial cpp_extension on custom cuda extensions written by Peter Goldsborough. 1, Radeon 6700XT ：running benchmark for framework pytorch cuda version= None cudnn version= 2012000 pytorch's vgg16 eval at fp32: 67. 7 -c pytorch -c nvidia. Jun 1, 2023 · PyTorch# PyTorch is an open source Machine Learning Python library, primarily differentiated by Tensor computing with GPU acceleration and a type-based automatic differentiation. 2 offers ~2x performance improvements to scaled_dot_product_attention via FlashAttention-v2 integration, as well as AOTInductor, a new ahead-of-time compilation and deployment tool built for non-python server-side deployments. Feb 8, 2024 · Its purpose is to simplify and abstract the process of training PyTorch models. version. Use the cmake_policy command to set the policy and suppress this warning. autocast and torch. 9. com. My actions are as follows: Dec 11, 2022 · I first use command. But it seems that PyTorch can’t see your AMD GPU. Catch up on the latest technical news and happenings. 3 ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A. ROCm is an open-source stack, composed primarily of open-source software, designed for graphics processing unit (GPU) computation. The CUDA --index-url is accessible. GradScaler together. This package adds support for CUDA tensor types. Nov 18, 2021 · PyTorch version: 1. Thanks for help in advance. 1 -c pytorch. Features described in this documentation are classified by release status: Stable: These features will be maintained long-term and there should generally be no major performance limitations or gaps in documentation. This software enables the high-performance operation of AMD GPUs for computationally-oriented tasks in the Linux operating system. But it is wired that I use the command on the official website to install pytorch, just change the rocm version like below: Please note the PyTorch does not have a native ROCm backend, but uses HIP to cross-compile the existing CUDA backend into something that can run on ROCm. is_available() returns True. In the following setting, the size of the batch is determined. After that, this may be of interest. It is lazily initialized, so you can always import it, and use is_available() to determine if your system supports CUDA. _C. The stable release of PyTorch 2. Oct 19, 2023 · Using PyTorch we are able to access AMD GPU by specifying device as 'cuda'. PyTorch is an optimized tensor library for deep learning using GPUs and CPUs. Thats what i recieved Collecting environment information… PyTorch version: 1. Often, the latest CUDA version is better. 32, CUDA 11. It includes major updates and new features for compilation, code optimization, frontend APIs for scientific computing, and AMD ROCm support through binaries that are available via pytorch. radeon. Is this intended? A platform on Zhihu allowing users to freely express themselves through writing. org: License(s): BSD: Provides: python-pytorch=2. Also hipcc is installed and I just can’t seem to find the problem. Instances of torch. Assuming you have PyTorch ROCm installed correctly, use the following line in your Python code to assign computations to your AMD GPU: device = torch. cuda. PyTorch. PyTorch for HIP intentionally reuses the existing torch. This helps to accelerate the porting of existing PyTorch code and models because very few code changes are necessary, if any. Community Blog. ROCm、AMD Infinity Fabric™ テクノロジのサポートを開始。RCCL 通信ライブラリをリリース。エコシステムの拡大により、クラスター管理および展開ツールをサポート (rocSMI、Docker、Kubernetes、SLURM など)。ROCm、PyTorch のアップストリーム サポートを開始。 ROCm - Open Source Platform for HPC and Ultrascale GPU Computing. torchrec_private Public archive. Other advanced features include: Support for distributed training. Apr 22, 2002 · To test cuda is available in pytorch, open a python shell, then run following commands: import torch torch. With CUDA. A helper script simplifies this task for the user. Thanks for any help. 2 ( release note )! PyTorch 2. If everything is set up correctly, you should see the model generating output text based on your input. Feb 14, 2023 · The move for ROCm support from “Beta” to “Stable” came in the PyTorch 1. cuda interfaces. The pre-trained Inception V3 model is chosen to be downloaded from torchvision. 0 361 0 0 Updated on Aug 9, 2022. mem_get_info. device("cuda") is not working. Pruebas de Inteligencia Artificial con PyTorch. May 19, 2023 · Python version: 3. Find events, webinars, and podcasts Aug 27, 2022 · PytorchのCUDA環境をROCmで上書き. device ( torch. Aug 12, 2022 · I installed pytorch using the following command (which I got from the pytorch installation website here: conda install pytorch torchvision torchaudio pytorch-cuda=11. torch. zeros(1). 0+cu115 Is debug build: False CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11. Done! Now you can use PyTorch as usual and when you say a = torch. 0 Is debug build: False CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11. Enter this command to update the pip wheel. PyTorch スクリプトで Radeon GPU をデバイスとして選択するには、以下のコードを使用します。. Jan 30, 2024 · We are excited to announce the release of PyTorch® 2. First, we set up some basic system packages: sudo apt update sudo apt -y install cmake pkg-config build-essential. 1 cudatoolkit=11. correctly shows the expected output "11. C++ 3 6 3 0 Updated on Apr 27, 2022. 2ms avg Captum (“comprehension” in Latin) is an open source, extensible library for model interpretability built on PyTorch. is_available() が False を返す場合、以下の その他の方法 でCUDAデバイスを利用可能にする可能性があります。. 0 Is debug build: False CUDA used to build PyTorch: Could not collect ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A. Community Stories. 4. ROCm and OpenCL have been installed with both rocminfo and clinfo detecting the integrated graphics card. org, along with instructions for local installation in the same simple, selectable format as PyTorch packages for CPU-only configurations and other GPU platforms. Events. Enter this command to install Torch and Torchvision for ROCm AMD GPU support. セットアップされたのはCUDA環境のため、ROCm(AMD)へ上書きします。 バイブルではこれをなぜか2回行ってます。 おそらくは通常環境にまずインストールし、さらにactivateした仮想環境にもインストールしているのでしょう。 ZLUDA. conda install pytorch=1. from_pretrained('gpt2', device_map="auto") Apr 5, 2021 · Switch from CUDA to rocm and pytorch #1439. 0 introduces torch. See Memory management for more details about GPU memory management. Dec 27, 2022 · Test System, Image courtesy of Author Installing the Codeplay toolchain. Closed daniele777 opened this issue Apr 5, 2021 · 8 comments Closed Switch from CUDA to rocm and pytorch #1439. OS: Microsoft Windows 10 Home Single Language GCC version: Could not collect Clang version: Could not collect CMake version: Could not collect Libc version: N/A torch. This may take several minutes. 6 or newer, you can use the package manager to upgrade the CUDA version, if you wish. model_name = "inception_v3" pretrained = True. Here are the debug logs: >> python -c 'import torch; print (torch. Find events, webinars, and podcasts May 31, 2023 · I want to install PyTorch on multiple different machines with different hardwares, using both CUDA and ROCm hardware, but I'm not sure how to setup a venv that works for both, so to have as simple an environment solution as possible for all. cuda context will instead transparently execute things on the AMD GPUs as if they Jun 26, 2024 · python-pytorch: Description: Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration (with ROCm) Upstream URL: https://pytorch. Option 2: Install PyTorch Using Wheels Package. 0, pytorch-1. txt:259 (cmake_dependent_option) This warning is for project developers. Videos. 0 or later and would be willing to use TensorFlow instead, you can use the Mac optimized Mar 28, 2023 · Hello everyone, when accessing the ROCm --index-url I get AccessDenied. 3 ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A OS: Ubuntu 20. However, the kdb files need to be placed in a specific location with respect to the PyTorch installation path. hipify-clang --md --doc-format=full --doc-roc=joint. Here’s the output from collect_env. This feature allows for precise optimization of individual functions, entire modules PYTORCH_TEST_WITH_ROCM = 1 python3 test/run_test. 1) 9. Find events, webinars, and podcasts Captum (“comprehension” in Latin) is an open source, extensible library for model interpretability built on PyTorch. 11. This produces a whl package in dist/ which you can now install using sudo pip3 install dist/*. 2 can be installed through pip. Here are some helpful resources to learn more: I'd stay away from ROCm. 0 brings new features that unlock even higher performance, while remaining backward compatible with prior releases and retaining the Pythonic focus which has helped to make PyTorch so enthusiastically adopted by the AI/ML community. Unfortunately, no GPU acceleration is available when using Pytorch on macOS. Feb 24, 2021 · Issue description Recently our lab set up a new machine with RTX3090, I installed GPU driver 460. Apr 26, 2023 · I had initially downloaded Cuda 12 from nvidia and read that maybe the problem is caused by the newer version of Cuda not being supported. 0-1ubuntu1~20. vu bl nz yb mb if ba hb fk bc